Trajectory of Ayurvedic Shalya (Surgical), Shalakya (ENT, Eye, Dental), Stri and Prasuti (Gynaecological) Practices from Antiquity to date
Keywords:
Śalya Tantra, Śālākya Tantra, Prasūti Tantra, Aggalayya, Taxila Museum, NCISM Regulations, AYUSH Insurance Benchmark Rates 2026, NAMASTE Portal, WHO Terminologies.References
Suśruta. Suśruta Saṃhitā with the Nibandhasangraha Commentary of Dalhaṇa. Edited by Jadavji Trikamji Acharya. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Orientalia; 2008.
Caraka. Caraka Saṃhitā with the Āyurvedadīpikā Commentary of Cakrapāṇidatta. Edited by P.V. Sharma. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Orientalia; 2001.
Patwardhan, K., & Kumar, M. (2021). Surgical practice and Ayurveda: A realistic
analysis of the current debate. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 12(1), 195–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaim.2020.12.008
Narayana, A., & Thrigulla, S. R. (2011). Tangible Evidences of Surgical Practice in Ancient India. Journal of Indian Medical Heritage, XLI, 1–18.
Government of India, Ministry of Ayush. (2026). Revision of Benchmark Rates for Insurance Coverage of Ayush Treatments and Settlement of Claims of Various
Therapies/Interventions (2026). New Delhi: Ayush Bhawan.
World Health Organization. (2022). WHO International Standard Terminologies on Ayurveda. Geneva: World Health Organization. ISBN: 978-92-4-006493-5.
Central Council of Indian Medicine (CCIM) / National Commission for Indian System of Medicine (NCISM). (2020). Gazette of India: Extraordinary Notification on Postgraduate Regulations (Ayurveda), New Delhi, 19th/20th November 2020.
Parabrahma Sastry, P. V. (1977). Epigraphical Allusion to Surgery in Ayurveda. Bulletin of the Institute of History of Medicine, VII(3, 4), 128–129.
Sankhyan, A. R., & Shug, G. R. (2011). First evidence of brain surgery in Bronze Age Harappa. Current Science, 100(11), 1621–1622.
Naqvi, N. H. (2003). Surgical Instruments in the Taxila Museum. Medical History, 47(1), 90–91.
Mukhopadhyaya, G. (1913). The Surgical Instruments of the Hindus (Vol. 1 & 2). Calcutta University Press.
Deshpande, P. J., Pathak, S. N., Sharma, B. N., & Singh, L. M. (1968). Treatment of fistula-in-ano by ksharasutra. Journal of Research in Indian Medicine, 2, 131–139.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 TAIJA - Tatwachintanam International Journal of Ayurveda

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.